Fig. 5: The current model depicts the impact of ClyA on the infection process of S. Paratyphi A.
From: Cytolysin A is an intracellularly induced and secreted cytotoxin of typhoidal Salmonella
S. Paratyphi A infects epithelial cells and resides within the Salmonella-containing vacuole. This intravacuolar environment induces the expression of ClyA, followed by its secretion through the TtsA-dependent Type 10 Secretion System. ClyA within vesicle-membranes is then released from the infected epithelial cells, which are themselves insensitive to ClyA lysis, into the extracellular space. There, it can lyse neighboring cells sensitive to ClyA lysis. This mechanism aids the bacteria in evading the immune defenses of the human host and contributes to the characteristic systemic spread of typhoidal Salmonella. Created in BioRender. Geiger, T. (2024) BioRender.com/m44h507.
