Fig. 2: ACE2(high) airway-derived cell lines that are resistant to SARS-CoV-2 replication express high baseline levels of type I IFN pathway genes.

a Hierarchical clustering of IFN response pathway RNA expression levels downloaded from CCLE. The heatmap displays z-scored log2(TPM) values. b–e RT-qPCR analysis of representative ISGs, including IFIT1, MX1, IRF9 and STAT1 in uninfected cells. Expression levels are normalized relative to Calu-3 cells (set to 1). Data show the mean from n = 2 (H596 and Calu-3), or 4 (other cells) independent biological replicates, error bars denote SEM. f Immunoblot showing pSTAT1 (Y701 and S727), STAT1, IRF7, IRF9, MX1, IFIT1, and Vinculin levels across airway-derived cell lines (not infected). Blots are representative of two independent experiments. g, h Airway cell lines were infected with SARS-CoV-2 at an MOI of 2 i.u./cell, and expression of IFIT1 and IFIT2 was analyzed by RT-qPCR at 4 and 72 hpi. Y-axes indicate ISG fold induction at 72 hpi relative to 4hpi. Data show the mean from n = 3 independent replicates, error bars show the SEM. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.