Fig. 2: Inactivation mechanism of TMV particles by SPc.
a TEM images of TMV particles (50 μg/mL) incubated with LNT (10, 100 and 500 mg/L), SPc (0.1, 1, and 10 mg/L) and LNT/SPc complex (0.1, 1 and 10 mg/L) for 6 h, respectively. The schematic illustration of TMV particle inactivation by SPc, LNT or LNT/SPc complex. b Relative concentration of TMV incubated with above solutions via qRT-PCR. Relative biomass was quantified (n = 3 biological replicates). Different letters above each bar indicate significant differences at p < 0.05 as determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey HSD test (F9, 20 = 33.51, p < 0.001). Bars represent the mean ± SEM. c Zeta potentials of TMV, TMV + LNT, TMV+SPc and TMV + LNT/SPc complex. Each treatment contained three independent samples. Different letters above each bar indicate significant differences at p < 0.05 as determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey HSD test (F3, 8 = 394.00, p < 0.001). Bars represent the mean ± SEM. d ITC titration of TMV particle aqueous solution (0.5 mmol/L) into SPc aqueous solution (0.1 mmol/L). The schematic illustration of electrostatic interaction is provided. e Native-PAGE images recorded under UV365 nm or visible light for confirming the interaction between CP protein with LNT or TPE-SPc. The experiment was repeated three times, and a representative Native-PAGE image was shown. f Dot blotting assay for the effective binding of CP protein and TPE-SPc. Images were recorded under visible or UV365 nm light. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
