Fig. 2: Metabolomic profiling of gliomaspheres (GS) and differentiated glioma cells (DGC) reveals differentiation state-dependent metabolic features.

A Volcano plot indicating differential metabolite profiles in GS vs. DGC, presented as the average metabolite abundance value from the three cell lines DIPG-007, SF7761, and DIPG-XIII. B Metabolic pathway enrichment as determined using MetaboAnalyst based on differential metabolite abundance in GS vs. DGC. A, B Statistically significant differential metabolites evaluated using t-test with two-tailed distribution and two-sample unequal variance based on p-values from 3 independently prepared samples. Dot size reflects pathway impact. C Venn diagram indicating the number of metabolites significantly altered in GS vs. DGC across all three cell lines. Example metabolites and pathways are indicated below. D–F Differential abundance of select metabolites for (D) glycolysis, (E) tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and (F) purine nucleotides in DIPG-007, SF7761, and DIPG-XIII GS versus DGC. G Highly enriched metabolites in DIPG DGC vs. GS. D–G Metabolite levels presented as median-centered fold change of GS relative to DGC across the three cell lines. Error bars represent mean ± SD. All metabolomic profiling data (panels A–G) were generated from the average of three independently prepared samples run on the same day. Source data are provided as Source data file 2. F6P, fructose-6-phosphate; F1,6BP, fructose-1-6-bisphosphate; G3P, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate; DHAP, dihydroxyacetone phosphate; PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate, PYR, pyruvate; LAC, lactate; Gln, glutamine; Glu, glutamate; Cit, citrate; Iso-Cit, isocitrate; Aconi, cis-aconitate; α-KG, alpha-ketoglutarate; Suc, succinate; Mal, malate; ADP, adenosine diphosphate; GDP, guanosine diphosphate; AMP, adenosine monophosphate; IMP, inosine monophosphate; IDP, inosine diphosphate; Hydro-Pro, hydroxyproline. For panels A, C–G, red indicates GS; blue, DGC.