Fig. 6: Pharmacological inhibition of osteopontin decreases primary tumor growth and lung metastasis and improves anti-PD-1 response.

a Schematic representation of experimental design for intraperitoneal injection of control antibody IgG or mouse osteopontin neutralizing antibody (anti-mOPN) into MIC WT mice induced on doxycycline. Created in BioRender. Muller, W. (2024) BioRender.com/c88t325. b Tumor volume measured from weekly palpations of MIC WT mice treated with IgG or anti-mOPN. Two-tailed Students’ t-test was performed at endpoint and n denotes number of tumors per treatment arm. c Representative H&E images of lungs in MIC WT mice treated with IgG (n = 9) or anti-mOPN (n = 6). d Percentage of animals with lung metastasis in MIC WT mice treated with IgG or anti-mOPN. e Fluorescent IHC for CD3, CD4, PD-1, and DAPI on tumors and mammary glands of MIC WT mice treated with IgG (n = 24) or anti-mOPN (n = 19). f Quantification of PD-1+ cells in tumors and mammary glands of MIC WT mice treated with IgG (n = 24) or anti-mOPN (n = 19). g Schematic representation of experimental design for intraperitoneal injection of control antibodies IgG2a (control for anti-PD-1) and IgG Goat (control for anti-mOPN), anti-PD-1 and IgG Goat, anti-mOPN and IgG2a, or anti-PD-1 and anti-mOPN into FVB mice with mammary fat pad (MFP)-transplanted MMTV PyV mT tumors. Created in BioRender. Muller, W. (2024) BioRender.com/z45w893. h Tumor volume measured from weekly palpations of FVB mice with MFP-transplanted MMTV PyV mT tumors treated with IgG2a and IgG Goat, anti-PD-1 and IgG Goat, anti-mOPN and IgG2a, or anti-PD-1 and anti-mOPN. Two-tailed Students’ t test was performed at endpoint and n denotes number of tumors per treatment arm. Scale bars are as indicated on each image. Mean ± SEM for data calculated using two-tailed Student’s t test unless otherwise specified. Each data point is representative of one biological sample for (f). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.