Fig. 5: CD39⁺CD9⁺ IMs are critical for αIL-23p19-dependent suppression of neutrophilic inflammation via inhibition of NETosis.

a Representative images of lung immunostaining for citrullinated histone H3 (citH3, red), MPO (green), and DAPI (blue). citH3⁺MPO⁺ NETs are shown in yellow. Scale bar = 20 μm. b Colocalization area (µm²) of citH3⁺MPO⁺ NETs in each FOV quantified using Zen software (n = 8 per group). c Ly6G⁺ neutrophil percentage in the lung (n = 6 per group). d total cell, (e) neutrophil counts in BALF and, (f) IL-17 and IL-22 levels in BALF (OVA + LPS/PBS (n = 8), OVA + LPS/OVA (n = 8), OVA + LPS/OVA + GSK484 (n = 6), OVA + LPS/OVA + αIL-23p19 (n = 8), OVA + LPS/OVA + αIL-23p19 + POM1 (n = 8), OVA + LPS/OVA + αIL-23p19 + POM1 + GSK484 (n = 8), OVA + LPS/OVA + αIL-23p19 + αCD9 (n = 8), and OVA + LPS/OVA + αIL-23p19 + αCD9 + GSK484 (n = 8)). g Representative images of H&E staining and (h) inflammatory scores quantified from H&E staining. Scale bar = 100 μm (n = 3 per group). i P_enh values measured using a whole body plethysmography (OVA + LPS/PBS (n = 8), OVA + LPS/OVA (n = 8), OVA + LPS/OVA + GSK484 (n = 8), OVA + LPS/OVA + αIL-23p19 (n = 8), OVA + LPS/OVA + αIL-23p19 + POM1 (n = 8), OVA + LPS/OVA + αIL-23p19 + POM1 + GSK484 (n = 8), OVA + LPS/OVA + αIL-23p19 + αCD9 (n = 6), and OVA + LPS/OVA + αIL-23p19 + αCD9 + GSK484 (n = 4)). j IL-23 level in BALF (n = 6 per group) and (k) percentages of CD39⁺CD9⁺ IMs in CD45⁺CD11b⁺CD11c^- cells in the lung (n = 6 per group). Data are shown as mean ± s.e.m. Significance was determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc correction (b–f, h, j, k) and two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s post hoc correction (i).