Fig. 4: Orthogroups, gene ontology, longevity pathway, and evolutionary dynamics of African baobab tree.
From: Chromosome-level baobab genome illuminates its evolutionary trajectory and environmental adaptation
a An UpSet plot shows elevated species-specific orthogroups; red, green, and blue bars correspond to baobabs, acorus (monocots), and cotton, respectively. b Enriched gene ontology terms in baobab include chromatin organization and circadian rhythms. c Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) reception pathway via UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) followed by clock gene entrainment, signal transduction, and acclimation responses53. d Comparative gene evolution in baobab alongside 15 other plant species is shown in the phylogenetic tree. Positive and negative numbers represent gene family expansion and contraction, respectively. Notable enriched GO terms include signal transduction in response to DNA damage (GO:0042770) and circadian rhythm (GO:0007623), highlighting key biological processes that contribute to the long-term survival of baobab. Conversely, contracted genes are generally associated with plant growth, such as the negative regulation of stomatal complex development (GO:2000122), which imposes limitations on growth, nutrient uptake, and overall adaptability (Supplementary Data 6, 8, and 13). The pie chart’s blue color indicates no evident change, while green and red denote expansions and contractions in gene families. Colored asterisks represent the point of whole-genome multiplication, while images on the right show the plant’s inflorescence.
