Fig. 5: Life cycle emissions profile for bioPE value-chain over the sorted area of expansion across different scenarios.

Scenarios include 1 G – Simple Recycling (a), 1 G – Advanced Recycling (b), 1 G2G – Simple Recycling (c) and 1 G2G – Advanced recycling (d), all for 2050. 1 G (first generation) and 1G2G (first and second generation) are different technologies for ethanol production. The GHG emissions balance includes production, mechanical recycling (Mech. Recyc), chemical recycling (Chem. Recyc), end of life, direct land use change (dLUC) and bioPE carbon stock. Area required to meet the bioPE demand for each scenario are shown in the vertical lines, and area required for Scenario 1G – Simple Recycling is not reached.