Fig. 5: Study recruitment and selection of the analysis sample.

The chart shows the recruitment flow and sample selection for the study. We recruited individuals with UTI symptoms attending clinics in our study areas. Following urinanalysis, we selected only those with confirmed UTI. Those patients’ samples then underwent AST analysis to determine resistance within the uropathogen, and we attempted a follow-up visit to the household to collect further social economic and environmental data. The final sample for analysis includes those with valid AST linkage and a completed household visit.