Fig. 4: Morphology and orientation of templates and MLCCs.

Surface scanning electron microscopy images of a Ba6Ti17O40, b < 111 >-BaTiO3, c < 111 >-SrTiO3, d Bi4Ti3O12 and e <001 >-SrTiO3. f Schematic diagram of MLCC; Scanning electron microscopy images of the cross-section. g Nontextured MLCC, h < 001 >-textured MLCC, and i < 111 >-textured MLCC; Electron backscatter diffraction of the cross-section. j Nontextured MLCC, k < 001 >-textured MLCC, and l < 111 >-textured MLCC. m XRD of templates, corresponding precursors, and ceramic layers.