Fig. 2: Quantification of humoral responses in plasma and mucosa in rhesus macaques. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: Quantification of humoral responses in plasma and mucosa in rhesus macaques.

From: Loss of HIV candidate vaccine efficacy in male macaques by mucosal nanoparticle immunization rescued by V2-specific response

Fig. 2

a, b Comparison of mucosal B cells in rectal mucosa producing a IgG (V2-TTB NP, n = 12; TTB NP, n = 9; empty NP, n = 9) and b IgA (V2-TTB NP, n = 12; TTB NP, n = 9; empty NP, n = 9) antibodies that bind to ∆V1 gp120. c Comparison of plasma and mucosal IgG binding titer (AUC) against different SIV immunogens in all groups of animals (V2-TTB NP, n = 12; TTB NP, n = 9; empty NP, n = 9). d, e Comparison of d ADCC titers (the endpoint reciprocal dilution at which the ADCC killing was greater than control killing + 3 SD) and e ADCC activity among different groups of animals (V2-TTB NP, n = 12; TTB NP, n = 9; empty NP, n = 9; systemic vaccine, n = 14). f–h Correlation of f ADCC titer in the V2-TTB NP group (n = 12, p = 0.02), g ADCC activity in the V2-TTB NP group (n = 12, p = 0.02), and h ADCC titer in all animal groups combined (n = 44, p < 0.0001) with number of intrarectal challenges. In h, red dots represent V2-TTB NP, black dots represent systemic vaccine, and blue squares represent TTB NP. Enlarged shapes represent multiple animals, as indicated. i, j Comparison of i V2 (NCI05)-specific ADCC activity and j frequency of V2 (NCI05)-specific ADCC activity in total ADCC among different groups of animals (V2-TTB NP, n = 12; TTB NP, n = 9; empty NP, n = 9; systemic vaccine, n = 14). k, l Correlation of V2 (NCI05)-specific ADCC activity in k the V2-TTB NP group (n = 12, p = 0.003) and l in all animal groups combined (n = 44, p = 0.003) with number of intrarectal challenges. m Correlation of V2 (NCI05)-specific ADCC activity at week 17 with VL at 15 wpi in the systemic vaccine group (n = 9, p = 0.03). n Comparison of plasma antibody avidity score against ∆V1gp120 protein in different groups of animals (V2-TTB NP, n = 10; TTB NP, n = 7; empty NP, n = 8; systemic vaccine, n = 14). o Correlation of antibody response units against ∆V1gp120 (higher RU values indicated stronger binding of antibody to antigen) with number of intrarectal challenges in the V2-TTB NP+vaccine group (n = 12, p = 0.02). Data shown in a–c, e, i, j, n were analyzed with the two-sided Mann-Whitney test. Data shown in d were analyzed with two-sided Cochran-Armitage tests for the comparisons between V2-TTB NP and TTB NP and Empty NP, separately. The two-sided Mann-Whitney test was used for the comparison between V2-TTB NP and systemic vaccine. Data shown in f–h, k–m, o were analyzed with the two-sided Spearman correlation test. Horizontal and vertical bars denote mean and SD. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. Here, the black, red, blue, and purple symbols represent male macaques immunized with a systemic vaccine, vaccine combined with V2-TTB NP, vaccine combined with TTB NP, and vaccine combined with empty NP, respectively.

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