Fig. 3: Structure evolution of ZIFs after electrocatalysis.

a XRD patterns of A-ZIF and AE-ZIF with different CV cycles (25, 50 and 100) at 0.85–1.55 V, with 100 CV cycles at different potential windows (Low: 0.85–1.05 V, Medi: 0.85–1.30 V, High: 0.85–1.55 V). b, XRD patterns of A-ZIF, AB-ZIF, AC-ZIF, AD-ZIF and AE-ZIF with 100 CV cycles at 0.85–1.55 V. c, d Co 2p3/2 and N 1 s of XPS spectra for A-ZIF (c) and AE-ZIF (d) with 100 CV cycles at different potential window (Low: 0.85–1.05 V, Medi: 0.85–1.30 V, High: 0.85–1.55 V), for whole sample scan see Fig. S17.