Fig. 3: Simulation of laser interactions with gold colloidosomes.

a Simulated cross-sectional electromagnetic field distribution of gold colloidosomes with diameters of 399, 509, and 684 nm under circularly-polarized light illumination, providing their optical properties—absorption, scattering, extinction spectra based on the FDTD method. Depictions of the variation trends of the absorption and scattering cross sections of gold colloidosomes (b) and pure gold microspheres (c) with varying diameters excited at a laser wavelength of 532 nm. The fitting equations are all y = a + b × x, (d) Skin depth simulation as a function of optical wavelength, inset presented a 3D model of gold colloidosomes for simulations. e The typical optical intensity of laser pulse with fluences of 9.2, 13.3, and 17.3 mJ·cm−2. f Simulated temperature evolution of the system over time during laser pulse irradiation, focusing on Union, inner colloidosomes and polymer substrate. Insets show typical cross-sectional temperature field distributions of gold colloidosomes at their peak temperatures. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.