Fig. 4: Heat dissipation during laser irradiation.

a The cross-sectional distribution of electromagnetic field for colloidosomes in butanol (top), along with the temperature distribution under irradiation (bottom). Comparison analysis of the optical properties (b) and the elevated temperature (c) of gold colloidosomes in 1-butanol versus in air. d The environment temperature monitoring based on the COMSOL simulation. Typical SEM images and schematic illustrations of the laser-induced jumping behavior of the gold microspheres in air (e) and in 1-butanol (f), demonstrating an out-of-position and in-position state, respectively. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.