Fig. 1: Response of C. parapsilosis to oxidative and osmotic stresses, cell wall disturbing agents, antifungal drugs, and metal toxicity.

A The pie chart represents the final collection of mutants (351 strains), with the blue segment representing the new strains generated in this study. TF: transcription factors; PKs: protein kinases; mORFs: miscellaneous ORFs; UFs: unknown function. Ed = edited strain; Δ = deleted strain. B Growth of the mutant collection was determined in conditions designed to identify different stress phenotypes (Supplementary Data 3). The growth of each strain was compared between the control plate (YPD) and each experimental plate and strains with a Z-score > 2 or < − 2 (Ln Ratio values that were greater than two standard deviations below (−) or above (+) the mean for each plate) were considered to have a growth defect (or advantage). Strains with Z-scores between − 3 and − 6 are indicated in yellow; strains with Z-score < − 6 are indicated in orange; complete absence of growth is indicated in black. Only mutant strains that showed a growth defect in at least one condition are included in the heatmap. The concentrations of the stressing agents are indicated in Supplementary Data 3. Caspo = caspofungin; fluco = fluconazole; keto = ketoconazole (C) The involvement of the protein kinase Prk1 in response to copper toxicity was confirmed in a spot assay. The growth of two independent lineages of the edited and deleted prk1 mutants (Ed prk1 and Δprk1, respectively), and of the complemented strain cPRK1 was tested on YPD supplemented with CuCl₂ (10 and 13 mM) or CuSO₄ (13 and 15 mM). The cup2 deletion mutant was included as a control. Plates are shown after 2 days of incubation at 30 °C. Source data (uncropped photographs) are provided as a Source Data file.