Fig. 5: Total NER and bioNER formation of 2,4-D and GLP.

a 13C6-2,4-D and D3-2,4-D (b) 13CGLP and D2-GLP (2-C and 3-C position, (c) figure zoomed-in). BioNERs were calculated from the measured contents of total amino acids (tAAs) hydrolyzed from proteins multiplied by 2 (tAAs*2), whereas unidentified NERs are the difference between the total NERs and the total bioNERs (total NERs – total bioNERs). Columns represent the mean of independently processed replicates (n = 3, except 3-C–D2-GLP on day 38, where n = 2) and error bars the propagated standard deviation of measured tAAs. Dots show individual replicates for statistical analysis, with one negative value for 3-13CGLP on day 38 due to a measured isotopic abundance in the labeled treatment below background levels (for details on calculations, see Data analysis in the Methods section). Holm-adjusted p-values for Welch tests (2,4-D) and Kruskal-Wallis tests (GLP) are shown above the columns. Letters indicate statistically significant differences in Conover-Iman post-hoc tests (padjusted < 0.05), and exact p-values for GLP are provided in Supplementary Note 4.1.3. No 13C and DtAAs were found for SMX (13C6-SMX and D4-SMX); thus, total NERs from SMX were only xenobiotic NERs.