Fig. 3: Time evolution of the signal-to-noise ratio and the intensity of Walker circulation in the abrupt4×CO2 experiment.
From: Early emergence and determinants of human-induced Walker circulation weakening
a, c and e Time series of the signal-to-noise ratio of the Walker circulation change in the abrupt4×CO2 experiment based on the sea-level pressure gradient (dSLP), the 500 hPa vertical velocity gradient (dW500), and the maximum absolute value in the 200 hPa velocity potential (VPmax), respectively. b, d and f Time series of the Walker circulation intensity in the pre-industrial control experiment (black line) and the abrupt4×CO2 experiment (red line) based on dSLP, dW500, and VPmax indices, respectively. Red shading indicates the model spread in the abrupt4×CO2 experiment.
