Fig. 2: Structure and morphology of LNP and LNPi.

Synchrotron SAXS curves of (a) LNP, (b) LNPl, (c) LNPi, and (d) LNPh (n = 10 repeated measurements). e Baseline-subtracted synchrotron SAXS curves of all the investigated samples, and corresponding structural parameters, i.e. (f) d-spacing, (g) domain size, and (h) number of repeating units (n = 10 repeated measurements). i Representative agarose gel image and (j) corresponding densitometric analysis. k–m Additional DNA in LNPs as measured by synchrotron SAXS n = 10 repeated measurements), electrophoresis (n = 4 repeated measurements), and fluorescence (n = 3 repeated measurements). n Representative TEM images of LNP. o Representative TEM images of LNPi. The frames of the TEM images correspond to the color code used throughout the manuscript to denote LNP (gray) and LNPi (light green). Data are presented as mean values ± standard deviation. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA test, followed by Tukey’s multiple-comparison test. P-values < 0.05 are reported. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.