Fig. 3: Differential expression analysis of 162 genes causally affecting T2D risk.

a Number of genes among 162 genes differentially expressed and detected in different scRNA-seq data of diverse tissues from T2D patients. The number of samples from each group is as follows: Intestine (Control naive CD4⁺ T cells: n = 643, T2D naive CD4⁺ T cells: n = 1403, Control memory CD4⁺ T cells: n = 3300, T2D memory CD4⁺ T cells: n = 1509), Kidney (Control naive CD4⁺ T cells: n = 409, T2D naive CD4⁺ T cells: n = 1594, Control memory CD4⁺ T cells: n = 112, T2D memory CD4⁺ T cells: n = 866), Liver (Control naive CD4⁺ T cells: n = 741, T2D naive CD4⁺ T cells: n = 107, Control memory CD4⁺ T cells: n = 3264, T2D memory CD4⁺ T cells: n = 454), Lung (Control naive CD4⁺ T cells: n = 3411, T2D naive CD4⁺ T cells: n = 393, Control memory CD4⁺ T cells: n = 1210, T2D memory CD4⁺ T cells: n = 649), PBMC1 (Control naive CD4⁺ T cells: n = 2008, T2D naive CD4⁺ T cells: n = 3691, Control memory CD4⁺ T cells: n = 678, T2D memory CD4⁺ T cells: n = 773), PBMC2 (Control naive CD4⁺ T cells: n = 13072, T2D naive CD4⁺ T cells: n = 7301, Control memory CD4⁺ T cells: n = 4928, T2D memory CD4⁺ T cells: n = 4138), Wound-edge (Control naive CD4⁺ T cells: n = 689, T2D naive CD4⁺ T cells: n = 173, Control memory CD4⁺ T cells: n = 288, T2D memory CD4⁺ T cells: n = 880). b Genes validated in differential expression analysis. The color represents their average expression fold change levels. The size of a point represents the number of times it has been validated in different datasets. c UMAP embedding of scRNA-seq data of naive CD4⁺ T cells from T2D patients and healthy controls. d STK17B gene expression in naive CD4⁺ T cells.