Fig. 3: Child labor trends in mining and processing stages of critical energy materials by top producer countries.
From: Selected social impact indicators influenced by materials for green energy technologies
Child labor in mining and processing (mineral processing at the site of the mine) stages by top producer country between 2020 and 2030 relative to the threshold level (i.e., standard or benchmark for acceptable levels of child labor stated in SDGs) as a result of production of (a) Rare Earth Elements (REEs), (b) Nickel, (c) Silicon, (d) Graphite, (e) Magnesium, (f) Gallium, (g) Germanium, (h) Indium, (i) Aluminum, (k) Lithium, (l) Zinc, (m) Tellurium, (n) Cobalt. Stars indicate child labor performance for the country in 2020. Open circles represent the estimated child labor levels in 2030. The horizontal blue line represents the social threshold concerning sustainable development goals. Values above the social threshold demonstrate progress in eradicating child labor and vice versa.
