Fig. 3: Thermal gradient enhanced concentration difference of redox ions in hydrogel i-TEC.
From: N-type and P-type series integrated hydrogel thermoelectric cells for low-grade heat harvesting

a N-type i-TEC in-situ detection. b Raman spectra of the N-type i-TEC. c Intensity distribution of I− and I3− in the N-type i-TEC. d P-type i-TEC in-situ detection. e Raman spectra of the P-type i-TEC. f Intensity distribution of I− and I3− in the P-type i-TEC. g, h Concentration change ratio of I− and I3− in the remaining solution after hydrogel soaking at different temperatures. i Energy dispersive X-ray spectra (EDS) mapping of I3−. The error bars were calculated using the standard deviation of the measured intensity and concentration change ratio.