Fig. 3: High-quality reference genomes and comparative analysis of two types of tillandsioids. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: High-quality reference genomes and comparative analysis of two types of tillandsioids.

From: Tracing the evolutionary and genetic footprints of atmospheric tillandsioids transition from land to air

Fig. 3

a Genomic landscapes of the genomes of atmospheric tillandsioid T. duratii and tank-forming tillandisioid V. erythrodactylon. The rings indicate the pseudo-chromosomes (I), TE density (II), gene density (III), Gypsy retrotransposons density (IV), Copia retrotransposons density (V), Long interspersed nuclear elements density (VI), GC contents (VII), and inner lines indicate syntenic blocks. b Phylogenetic tree depicting 14 plant species and the evolution of gene families, with numbers next to each node indicating the counts of expanded and contracted gene families. c–e Gene Ontology terms associated with expanded gene families c, positively selected genes (PSGs) d, and rapidly evolving genes (REGs) e within the genomes of V. erythrodactylon and T. duratii. f Visual representation of T. duratii plants under different humidity conditions: >96% air humidity as control, and under 40-45% air humidity for 24 hours and 72 hours as drought stress treatment. g Expression patterns of PSGs and REGs enriched in the “response to stress” Gene Ontology terms under drought stress in T. duratii. Scale bars, 1 cm. h Nucleotide diversity analysis of AS1 coding sequences in 13 terrestrial and 49 tank-forming bromeliads. i Alterations in the root development pathway of tillandsioids. Genes highlighted in purple are rapidly evolving genes (REGs), those in yellow are under positive selection (PSGs), and genes in blue signify REGs that are also under positive selection. j Evaluation of evolutionary changes in five root development-related genes. Ka/Ks ratios illustrate the selective pressure on these genes in epiphytic (n = 137) and terrestrial (n = 17) bromeliads. Data are presented as mean values +/- SD. The box plots show the mean (black square), median (center line), quartiles (box limits) and 1.5× interquartile range (whiskers). Two-tailed Wilcoxon test was performed for P values. h Genetic variations across the AS1 coding region in 18 terrestrial and 50 tank-forming epiphytic bromeliads. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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