Fig. 1: Schematic illustration of overcoming traditional therapeutic obstacle of CSC-enriched tumor by aldehyde dehydrogenase-activatable nano-prodrug.

A The structure of PS-CHO and ALDH-responsive product PS-COOH. B The constitution and preparation of nano-prodrug PS-CHO@HA-ATRA-SS-ATRA. C The targeted delivery, ALDH-responsiveness, synergistic effect and the inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis in CSCs-enriched tumor. Created in BioRender. Jiajing, G. (2024) BioRender.com/i52u535.