Fig. 4: Chemical states of elements and valence bands of both samples. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: Chemical states of elements and valence bands of both samples.

From: Impacts of distorted local chemical coordination on electrochemical performance in hydrated vanadium pentoxide

Fig. 4

a XPS survey spectra. The signal from element Cl verifies the difference of intercalants. b Valence band spectra. The occupied V 3d band in Ch2-VOH presents a slight shift toward high binding energy because of the lower energy level of dxy after the secondary splitting. c High resolution spectrum of Cl 2p collected from Ch2-VOH. It confirms the C-Cl connection in the molecular chain. d V 2p spectra. Organic intercalants introduce V4+ in both lattices because of charge balance, confirming the successful pre-intercalation. e O 1 s spectra. The detected water signal suggests a more competitive expulsion from C5H13N+Cl on lattice water compared to C5H13N+OH. f N 1 s spectra. The presence of C-N bonds from the skeletons of organic cations and the formation of N-O bonds suggest the strong chemical interaction between the intercalants and the lattice oxygen.

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