Fig. 2: Electrolyte design and hydration structure.
From: Energetic and durable all-polymer aqueous battery for sustainable, flexible power
a Electrochemical stability window of 2 m NaTFSI-H2O and 2 m NaTFSI-PAE. b Proton NMR spectra of H2O, NaTFSI-H2O and 2 m NaTFSI-PAE. c FTIR spectra of H2O, 2 m NaTFSI-H2O and 2 m NaTFSI-PAE. d Raman spectra of H2O, 2 m NaTFSI-H2O and 2 m NaTFSI-PAE. e Raman peak fittings of the O–H stretching vibrations with different hydrogen-bond environments, including strong, weak, and non-hydrogen bonds. f Percentage of fitted area for H2O with the symmetric H-bonded (S) asymmetric H-bonded (AS), and non-H-bonded (N) H2O with increasing PEGDME concentration in 2 m NaTFSI-PAE. g Sodium NMR spectra of 2 m NaTFSI-PEGDME, 2 m NaTFSI-PAE, and 2 m NaTFSI-H2O. h Raman peak fittings of the C–O–C stretching vibrations within/without solvation layers. i Percentage of fitted area for ether groups within/without solvation layers.
