Fig. 3: Dual-ion doping mechanism of all-polymer aqueous sodium batteries with symmetric PANI electrodes.
From: Energetic and durable all-polymer aqueous battery for sustainable, flexible power
a Schematic figure of the dual-ion doping mechanism of symmetric PANI electrodes during charge. b Charge potential in the experiment and Gibbs free energy changes in the stimulation of dual-ion doping in all-polymer batteries with PANI as symmetric electrodes. c FTIR spectra of PANI cathode at different potentials in two charge-discharge cycles. d XPS spectra of PANI cathode at different potentials in two charge-discharge cycles. e FTIR spectra of PANI anode at different potentials in two charge-discharge cycles. f XPS spectra of PANI anode at different potentials in two charge-discharge cycles.
