Fig. 4: Electrochemical performance and solid electrolyte interphase.
From: Energetic and durable all-polymer aqueous battery for sustainable, flexible power
a Galvanostatic charge-discharge curves of all-polymer batteries at 20, 50, 500, 1000, and 4000th cycle. b Cycling performance and coulombic efficiency in 4800 cycles (381 days). c SEM images of the PANI surface after different cycles (pristine, after 10 and 100 cycles). d XPS spectra (O1s, Na1s, F1s, N1s) of SEI on PANI anode after different sputtering times (0, 1, and 7 mins). e Intensities of different elements (O1s, Na1s, F1s, N1s, S2p, and C1s) of SEI film after different sputtering time. f Ratio of different Na salts of SEI after different sputtering times (0, 1, and 7 mins). g SEI structure on PANI anodes.
