Fig. 5: Long-term durability of PCE.

a Durability comparison of LATP (50 °C), SH-SPE (22 °C), and PCE under Li0-Li0 cell configuration (22 °C). Cycling stability (b) and charge-discharge curves (c) of Li0|PCE|LFP cells at 22 °C and C/2. The loading of the LFP cathode is 2.4 mg/cm2. Cycling stability (d) and charge-discharge curves (e) of PCE-based full cell employing the zero-strain cathode at 22 °C. The loading of zero strain cathode is 2.45 mg/cm2.