Fig. 5: The relationship between syngas conversion performance and the surface density of active sites on (a) CeO2-T and (b) CeO2-T/SAPO-34 (T = 573, 673, 1073, 1473 K).
From: Dynamic control and quantification of active sites on ceria for CO activation and hydrogenation

The surface densities of active sites were measured by IR adsorption intensity of surface carbonate normalized by IR adsorption intensity of CO at 130 K. Reaction conditions for syngas conversion: CO/H2 = 1/2.5, 673 K, 4.0 MPa and gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) = 2400 mL·h−1·gox−1, CeO2/SAPO-34 = 2/1 (mass ratio) in composite. The absorbance of carbonate was derived from FT-IR spectra after exposing CeO2-T catalysts to CO at 300 K.