Table 2 Characteristics of study participants from the Chinese Multi-provincial Cohort Study stratified by waves of follow-up examination. Values are numbers (percentages) unless stated otherwise

From: Effectiveness of treat-to-target cholesterol-lowering interventions on cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality risk in the community-dwelling population: a target trial emulation

Characteristics

Wave 0

(year 1992)

Wave 1

(year 2002)

Wave 2

(year 2007)

Wave 3

(year 2012)

Total no. of participants

5735

2011

5353

1739

Age at entry, years (SD)

46.6 (7.7)

46.8 (8.0)

46.3 (7.6)

46.2 (7.9)

Age at examination, years (SD)

46.9 (7.7)

57.2 (7.9)

61.8 (7.5)

67.0 (7.8)

Sex women

3477 (61%)

1181 (59%)

2797 (52%)

1042 (60%)

Attained education

 College or above

901 (16%)

368 (35%)

1086 (26%)

333 (36%)

 Junior college or less

4834 (84%)

697 (65%)

3086 (74%)

590 (64%)

Occupation

 Manual labor

3905 (68%)

1041 (52%)

2415 (45%)

908 (52%)

 Non-manual labor

1830 (32%)

970 (48%)

2938 (55%)

831 (48%)

Current smoker

1389 (24%)

240 (12%)

959 (18%)

145 (8.3%)

Body mass index, kg/m2 (SD)

23.9 (3.1)

25.4 (3.3)

24.8 (3.4)

24.7 (3.3)

Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg (SD)

122.2 (18.8)

130.8 (18.8)

139.0 (20.5)

136.8 (16.3)

Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg (SD)

79.5 (11.7)

81.9 (10.3)

83.3 (10.8)

79.2 (9.3)

Total cholesterol, mmol/L (SD)

4.6 (0.9)

5.4 (1.0)

5.2 (1.0)

5.3 (1.0)

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mmol/L (SD)

1.4 (0.3)

1.4 (0.3)

1.4 (0.3)

1.3 (0.3)

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mmol/L (SD)

2.7 (0.8)

3.3 (0.8)

3.3 (0.9)

3.1 (0.8)

Triglyceridemic, mmol/L (Median, IQR)

1.2 (0.8, 1.6)

1.3 (0.9, 1.9)

1.4 (1.1, 2.0)

1.4 (1.0, 1.9)

Non-HDL-C, mmol/L (SD)

3.3 (0.9)

4.0 (1.0)

3.8 (0.9)

4.0 (1.0)

Fasting blood glucose, mmol/L (SD)

3.6 (1.7)

5.0 (1.2)

5.5 (1.4)

5.6 (1.2)

Diabetes

114 (2.0%)

211 (10%)

763 (14%)

308 (18%)

Antihypertensive drugs

286 (5.0%)

463 (23%)

1576 (29%)

1095 (63%)

Cholesterol-lowering drugs

78 (1.4%)

137 (6.8%)

320 (6.0%)

784 (45%)

Cardiovascular risk stratificationa

 Low

4665 (81.3%)

1084 (54%)

2266 (42%)

422 (24%)

 Intermediate

569 (9.9%)

478 (24%)

1648 (31%)

818 (47%)

 High

511 (8.9%)

449 (22%)

1439 (27%)

499 (29%)

  1. Note: a The cardiovascular risk stratification was assessed following the ASCVD and CVD risk algorithms recommended by the Chinese guideline for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease, in which the 10-year risk stratification of total cardiovascular risk is the same as the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in most cases. Beirfly, a 3-step evaluation procedure was employed: (1) participants with diabetes (aged\(\ge\)40 years) or LDL-C\(\ge\)4.9 mmol/L (or total cholesterol [TC]\(\ge\)7.2 mmol/L) were directly classified at high risk; (2) participants who do not meet procedure (1), sex-spexific 10-year ASCVD risk assessment algorithms, including LDL-C or TC levels, hypertension, smoking status, HDL-C, and age \(\ge\)45/55 years (male/female), were used, based on which 10-year ASCVD risk \( < \)5%, 5% − 9%, and \(\ge\)10% were defined as low, intermediate, and high risk, respectively; (3) for those intermediate-risk participants aged \( < \)55 years, the lifetime risk of cardivascular disease were assessed, in which participants with \(\ge\)2 following risk factors are defined at high risk: a) systolic blood pressure \(\ge\)160 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure \(\ge\)100 mmHg; b) non-HDL-C \(\ge\)5.2 mmol/L (200 mg/dL); c) HDL-C \( < \)1.0 mmol/L (40 mg/dL); d) body mass index (BMI) \(\ge\)28 kg/m2; and e) smoking.
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