Fig. 3: National estimates of the relations between landscape fire PM2.5 levels (lag 0, per 1-μg/m3) and cardiovascular outcomes stratified by sex, age, and geographical region.

# P value (two-sided) obtained from Z-test for the difference between the two risk estimates derived from subgroup analysis. The P value in the figure, indicated as <0.001, is specifically 0.0007. Points represent the estimated change of cardiovascular admissions. Vertical lines represent the 95% confidence interval. The sample size used to estimate these changes consisted of 8834533 hospital admissions for cardiovascular causes across 184 Chinese cities. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.