Fig. 5: The underlying mechanism of low-temperature phase transition.

a, Primitive models of random and ordered structures for Pt-Co and (Pt, Pd)-Co systems. b, Calculated temperature for the phase transition process of (Pt, Pd)-Co and Pt-Co system. Pt-Co phase diagram reproduced with permission from ref. 48. Copyright 2004 American Physical Society. c, Schematic illustration of the temperature dependence on the component, and models for the evolution of Pd@Pt-Co cubes annealing at the given annealing temperature (Ta). The pink lines represent the Tc; The orange line indicates the Ta; The green lines correspond to the TT; The blue lines denote the TH. The solid-colored lines highlight the temperature thresholds relevant to the experimental results in this study. The dotted-colored lines serve as the references.