Fig. 3: Transformation of Tu1.

a Plants expressing Tu1 under the control of the ubiquitin promoter developed more leaves above the primary ear. Scale bar, 30 cm. b Compared with the control (WT) plants, the Tu1 CRISPR-edited plants whose single cutting target was in the coding sequence of Tu1 showed a significant decrease in leaf number. c CRISPR-edited yabby1 plants developed fewer leaves above the primary ear. The white arrow indicates the leaves above the primary ear. d Compared with nontransgenic control (WT) plants, overexpression transgenic (OE-Tu1) plants exhibited a substantial increase in Tu1 transcript levels. The data are shown as the means ± SD (n = 3). Compared with the control (WT) plants, the OE-Tu1 plants developed significantly greater leaf numbers above the primary ear (e), total leaf numbers (f), leaf numbers below the primary ear (g), and days to pollen shedding (h). Compared with nontransgenic control plants, CRISPR-edited plants developed significantly decreased leaf numbers above the primary ear (i), total leaf number (j), leaf number below the primary ear (k), and plant height (m), excluding days to pollen shedding (l). n Leaf number above the primary ear was significantly decreased in the yabby1 knockout plants relative to the control plants. The figure shows the sample size (n) and P values for each group. P values were calculated using two-tailed Student’s t tests; the data are presented as the mean ± SD. Boxplots show the mean (horizontal line), the 25th and 75th percentiles (colored box), and the minimum and maximum percentiles (whiskers). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.