Fig. 2: LD expansion reorganizes caveolar domains and morphology in vivo.
From: Plasma membrane remodeling determines adipocyte expansion and mechanical adaptability
a Examples of low-circularity caveolae. b Elongated caveolae in PM-LD proximity (arrows) and circular caveolae for comparison (arrowheads). Caveolae perimeter is highlighted by a dotted line. Scale bar for a and b: 200 nm. c–g Caveolae morphological parameters: circularity (c), area (d), perimeter (e), minor axis (f), and neck (g). Sample size for full range and proximity regions, respectively: 259 and 233 caveolae for c–f, 152 and 174 for g (some caveolae did not have visible necks). For c–g wilcoxon test p values: 3.7 × 10−11, 5.0 × 10−8, 9.7 × 10−5,2.2 × 10−16; 0.04. h Median intensity of TIRFM Cav1 spots in in vitro differentiated adipocytes during increasing times of lipid loading. Sample size from 2 to 120 h: 369, 365, 268, 247 cells. Experiment performed twice. Dunn’s test with Bonferroni correction p values for comparison with 2-hour timepoint from left to right: 1, 0.04, 1.1 × 10−21. i Representative examples of in vitro differentiated adipocytes in increasing times of lipid loading. j in vitro differentiated adipocytes after 120 h of HF treatment showing decreased intensity of Cav1 spots in LD centers. Scale bar for i, j: 10 µm. k Schematical representation of theoretical LD lateral view, showing shorter PM-LD distance at LD center. l Gold label counts in caveolae, flat PM and LD surface in regions of increasing PM-LD distance, normalized by the total cellular gold label counts in the same region. m Examples of preferential location of gold labels in caveolae (black arrowheads) in regions of large PM-LD distance, and preferential location of gold labels in flat PM (brown arrowheads) and LD surface (blue arrowheads) in regions of short PM-LD distance. Scale bar: 100 nm. n Gold label counts in regions of increasing PM-LD distance, normalized by the frequency of the regions in the sample. p-value codes: * <0.05, **<0.01, ***<0.001. All boxplots show first (Q1), second (median), and third (Q3) quantiles, and whiskers extend from Q1-1.5·IQR (interquartile range) to Q3+1.5·IQR except for h, where they expand to the full range of data. Circles indicate average. All tests are two-sided. Source data are provided as a SourceData.zip.
