Fig. 3: Optogenetic induction of apoptosis in a spatial pattern.
From: Image-guided optogenetic spatiotemporal tissue patterning using μPatternScope
a, b Spatial induction of apoptosis on a cell sheet of engineered CHO-K1ApOpto cells by continuous illumination with a blue light pattern for 16 h via the μPS framework. c Control experiment as in (a, b) but using the parental CHO-K1 cell line lacking the engineered optogenetic apoptosis circuit (Fig. 2). No spatial cell death could be observed, indicating that the used light intensity is not phototoxic. d Continuous blue light intensity gradient illumination over CHO-K1ApOpto cells via the μPS. Scale bar, 200 μm. Blue light illumination irradiance (a–c, max. irradiance in d), ~ 175 μW/cm2.
