Fig. 5: Comparison of the cage topologies with the stereoisomers of simple mononuclear complexes.

A Cube-net representation of possible combinations of placing two types of {V5O9} units around a central cube. Further four isomers are inverse structures that result from the switching {V5O9}o and {V5O9}c units in the representations. Steric constraints that limit the formation of some isomers are shown below. B Structural representations of the isolated vanadate cages and topological structural reduction to square planar complexes and octahedral isomers. C Isomers that are not attainable due to steric hindrance or were not isolated within this account; Color Code: green classical calix-type{V5O9}c unit; red inverted {V5O9}o unit.