Fig. 2: Evidence of HGT of functional ARGs among Listeria isolates.

a–e Maximum likelihood gene tree for a lin, b fosX, c norB, d mprF, and e sul. Trees were constructed using sequences for lin, fosX, norB, mprF, and sul detected in 491, 361, 347, 489, and 482 genomes, respectively, with 1,000 bootstraps. The evolutionary models used for constructing the trees were TN + F + I + R4, HKY + F + I + R3, TVM + F + I + R4, GTR + F + I + R5, and K3Pu+F + I + R3 for lin, fosX, norB, mprF, and sul, respectively. Trees were rooted by midpoint. Bootstrap values > 80% are indicated by grey circles. f Total number of homologous recombination events detected across Listeria species (orange) and within species (blue) for each ARG.