Fig. 1: Analysis of circulating CD3⁺CD8^- (CD4⁺ enriched) immune cell populations in healthy donors (HD), patients with newly diagnosed (ND) and relapsed/refractory (R/R) cHL.

a Annotated Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) of CD3⁺CD8^- single-cell expression profiles (n = 172,274 cells). Each cluster is labeled with a distinct color and unique number. b Feature plots of selected cell lineage and differentiation markers. c Dot plot with relative expression of selected genes in CD3⁺CD8^- clusters following bidirectional clustering. Displayed genes were curated from the top differentially expressed genes that defined clusters using a two-sided Wilcoxon rank sum test, adjusted for multiple comparisons (adj p < 0.05, fold change > 1.75) and supplemented with relevant markers based on a priori knowledge. The size of the dot indicates the percentage of marker-expressing cells in each cluster and the z-score reflects mean marker expression across the clusters. d TCR repertoire diversity, as determined by Chao1 diversity index, obtained from single-cell TCR-seq data (n = 126,159 cells) for each T cell cluster and overlaid onto the UMAP. e TCR clonotypes expansion levels overlaid onto the UMAP (n = 126,159 cells), “Singleton” 1 clone, “Expanded” 2–5 clones, “Hyperexpanded” >5 clones. d, e Gamma delta T cell clusters (Cluster 7b, 13 and 23), MAIT (Cluster 7a) and NKT cells (Cluster 16) were not analyzed and are shown in gray.