Fig. 3: Light and other inputs to the clock network.

A Input to the clock neurons grouped by the nine neuronal super classes annotated in the FlyWire connectome. Intrinsic neurons, specifically the central and visual projection neurons, are the largest groups providing inputs to the clock. B Breakdown of inputs to different types of clock neurons. C Neurons from the four different super classes (central, visual projection, visual centrifugal, and optic) which provide major inputs (based on the number of neurons) to the clock. D Anterior cells (AC, magenta) providing temperature inputs to LPN, DN_1pC, and DN_1pE. (black). E aMe neurons provide the strongest inputs to clock neurons. Upstream partners of aMe neurons with strong connectivity include HB-eyelet and OCG02c. Numbers above the arrows indicate the number of synapses and numbers in circles indicate the number of neurons. Note that the connection from the OC to OCG02c is below the threshold of 5 synapses/connection. Neuronal reconstructions of aMe3, aMe6a, and aMe8 are shown in one hemisphere. F Cryptochrome (CRY)-positive clock neurons are shown in blue. G Disynaptic inputs to the clock from the three types of extrinsic photoreceptors (HB-eyelet, ocelli, photoreceptor cells of the compound eye) using a threshold of >4 synapses. H Disynaptic inputs to the clock from the three types of extrinsic photoreceptors using a threshold of >2 synapses. For C, D, G, and H, numbers represent the average number of synapses. All cell types are listed according to their input strength (from high to low) to clock neurons. Note: HB eyelet was only identified in the left hemisphere. HB Hofbauer-Buchner, OC ocellar retinula cells, OCG ocellar ganglion cell. Source data for panels B–D, G, and H are provided in the Source Data file. Brain mesh is from Dorkenwald et al., 2024.