Fig. 8: Parallels in Drosophila and vertebrate clock input and output pathways. | Nature Communications

Fig. 8: Parallels in Drosophila and vertebrate clock input and output pathways.

From: Synaptic connectome of the Drosophila circadian clock

Fig. 8

Direct and indirect light input pathways to the Drosophila clock (comprised of LN and DN) and vertebrate suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Note that the pineal gland receives light input only in non-mammalian vertebrates. Drosophila and vertebrate clocks utilize different neuropeptides (grey box). Output from the clock to downstream targets is either synaptic (direct in red and indirect in orange) or paracrine (grey arrow). CRY Cryptochrome, MPS Melanopsin, RHT Retinohypothalamic tract, ipRGC Intrinsically-photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, aMe Accessory medulla neurons, NSC neurosecretory cell, AVP arginine vasopressin, CCK cholecystokinin, ENK met-enkephalin, GRP gastrin-releasing peptide, NMS neuromedin S, PROK2 prokineticin 2, SST somatostatin, VIP vasoactive intestinal peptide.

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