Fig. 2: Rediscovery of the optical configuration employed to magnify images.
From: Automated discovery of experimental designs in super-resolution microscopy with XLuminA
a Virtual optical arrangement. It consists of a light source emitting a 650 nm wavelength Gaussian beam. Original lenses are replaced by two spatial light modulators (SLMs) with a resolution of 1024 × 1024 and a pixel size of 2.92 μm. The parameter space (of ∼2 million optical parameters) includes the distances, z1, z2, and z3 (in millimeters) and the phase masks (in radians) of the two SLMs. b Data-driven discovery scheme. Input-output sample pairs are fed into the optics simulator in batches of 10. The loss function, computed for each virtual optical setup, evaluates the mean squared error between the intensity response of the system and the corresponding target example from the dataset. The average loss over the batch guides the optical parameter update, which is common to all the virtual optical setups. This cycle is repeated until convergence is reached. c Identified phase mask solutions for SLM#1 and SLM#2. Identified distances correspond to z1 = 10.14 cm, z2 = 5.46 cm and z3 = 7.54 cm. Input, detected intensity, and expected (ground truth) intensity patterns for (d) a simple geometry, and (e) a complex structure, the Max Planck Society’s logo. In both cases, the identified optical design successfully inverts and magnifies 2 × the input mask.
