Fig. 7: MEC egocentric spatial cells are rarely theta-rhythmic.

a Representative local field potential (LFP) recorded during 2 s of active running. Lower plot, unfiltered LFP trace; upper plot, 4-11 Hz band-pass filtered LFP trace. b Representative power spectral density of LFP from the whole recording session in a. Note the prominent ~9 Hz theta peak. c A representative theta-rhythmic head-direction cell. d A representative non-theta-rhythmic center-bearing cell. e A representative non-theta-rhythmic center-distance cell. f A representative theta phase-locking head-direction cell. g A representative theta phase-locking center-bearing cell. h A representative theta phase-locking center-distance cell. Left panels, color-coded path trajectory (gray line) with superimposed directional spike locations (color indicates the center-bearing or head-direction; color bar shows the directional range) or firing rate map. Left middle panels, center-bearing, head-direction and center-distance tuning curves, with mean vector length (MVL) and R² of the center-distance - firing rate relationship inset. Right middle panels, Spike-time autocorrelograms. Right panels, firing phase distribution. i Relative proportion of each cell type showing theta-rhythmic firing. Filled portions of each bar represent the proportion of theta-rhythmic cells. χ² test, ***P < 0.001, n.s., P > 0.05. j Distribution of theta rhythmicity indices (TRI) for each cell type. Two-sided Mann–Whitney U test, ***P < 0.001, n.s., P > 0.05. The box plot represents the interquartile range (IQR), with the lower and upper edges indicating the first (Q1) and third quartiles (Q3), respectively. The line inside the box marks the median (Q2). The whiskers extend to the smallest and largest values within 1.5 times the IQR from Q1 and Q3. k Same as (i) except for theta phase-locking cells. χ² test, ***P < 0.001, *P < 0.05, n.s., P > 0.05. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.