Table 2 Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for overall and specific cardiovascular diseases in offspring according to maternal polycystic ovary syndrome

From: Maternal polycystic ovary syndrome and Offspring’s Risk of Cardiovascular diseases in Childhood and Young Adulthood

Exposure

Number of events

Event rate, per 10 000 person-years

HR (95% CI)

Model 1a

Model 2b

Model 3c

Model 4d

Overall CVD

No PCOS

382 782

23.93

1.0 (Reference)

1.0 (Reference)

1.0 (Reference)

1.0 (Reference)

PCOS

1 492

22.41

1.59 (1.51–1.67)

1.23 (1.17–1.29)

1.53 (1.45–1.61)

1.21 (1.15–1.27)

Ischemic heart disease

No PCOS

8 640

0.53

1.0 (Reference)

1.0 (Reference)

1.0 (Reference)

1.0 (Reference)

PCOS

20

0.30

1.74 (1.12–2.70)

1.69 (1.09–2.62)

1.71 (1.10–2.65)

1.66 (1.07–2.57)

Acute myocardial infarction

No PCOS

3 502

0.21

1.0 (Reference)

1.0 (Reference)

1.0 (Reference)

1.0 (Reference)

PCOS

8

0.12

2.08 (1.04–4.17)

2.10 (1.05–4.21)

2.07 (1.03–4.15)

2.07 (1.03–4.15)

Stroke

No PCOS

13 105

0.80

1.0 (Reference)

1.0 (Reference)

1.0 (Reference)

1.0 (Reference)

PCOS

44

0.65

1.45 (1.08–1.95)

1.26 (0.93–1.69)

1.41 (1.05–1.90)

1.24 (0.92–1.67)

Hemorrhagic stroke

No PCOS

3 287

0.20

1.0 (Reference)

1.0 (Reference)

1.0 (Reference)

1.0 (Reference)

PCOS

13

0.19

1.42 (0.82–2.44)

1.27 (0.74–2.19)

1.38 (0.80–2.38)

1.25 (0.72–2.16)

Ischemic stroke

No PCOS

7 357

0.45

1.0 (Reference)

1.0 (Reference)

1.0 (Reference)

1.0 (Reference)

PCOS

29

0.43

1.88 (1.31–2.71)

1.44 (1.00–2.08)

1.82 (1.26–2.62)

1.42 (0.98–2.05)

Heart failure

No PCOS

4 827

0.30

1.0 (Reference)

1.0 (Reference)

1.0 (Reference)

1.0 (Reference)

PCOS

12

0.18

0.98 (0.56–1.73)

0.87 (0.49–1.54)

0.91 (0.52–1.61)

0.84 (0.47–1.48)

Atrial fibrillation

No PCOS

10 738

0.66

1.0 (Reference)

1.0 (Reference)

1.0 (Reference)

1.0 (Reference)

PCOS

18

0.27

1.05 (0.63–1.67)

0.98 (0.62–1.56)

1.02 (0.64–1.62)

0.96 (0.60–1.52)

Hypertensive disease

No PCOS

54 789

3.36

1.0 (Reference)

1.0 (Reference)

1.0 (Reference)

1.0 (Reference)

PCOS

146

2.16

1.75 (1.49–2.06)

1.42 (1.20–1.67)

1.63 (1.38–1.91)

1.34 (1.14–1.58)

Peripheral arterial disease

No PCOS

2 208

0.14

1.0 (Reference)

1.0 (Reference)

1.0 (Reference)

1.0 (Reference)

PCOS

6

0.09

1.18 (0.53–2.64)

1.24 (0.56–2.77)

1.17 (0.53–2.62)

1.24 (0.55–2.77)

  1. Abbreviations: PCOS polycystic ovary syndrome, CVD cardiovascular disease, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval.
  2. aModel 1 was unadjusted.
  3. bModel 2 was adjusted for sex, country and calendar year of birth, maternal country of origin, parity, age, education, and marital status at the time of birth.
  4. cModel 3 was adjusted for maternal hypertensive disorders, diabetes, and psychiatric disorders before or during the index pregnancy.
  5. dModel 4 was adjusted for sex, country and calendar year of birth, maternal country of origin, parity, age, education, and marital status at the time of birth, hypertensive disorders, diabetes, and psychiatric disorders before or during the index pregnancy, and family history of cardiovascular disease.
Back to article page