Fig. 4: Synergistic therapeutic efficacy of 15&15R@VNP combined with MWA.

A Schematic illustration of the in vivo treatment schedule using a murine H22 tumor model, the figure was created in BioRender. Yujie (2024) https://BioRender.com/y24m952. Representative thermal images (B), and corresponding microwave heating profiles (C) of mice after different treatments as indicated (n = 3 mice). Tumor curves (D, group I (n = 7 mice), group II, III, IV, and V (n = 6 mice), group VI (n = 5 mice)), corresponding mobility-free survival rate (E), average body weights (F), and magnified TUNEL staining images of tumor section (G) of mice after different treatments as indicated. The scale bar in G was 100 μm, the experiment in G was repeated for three times independently with similar results. H Schematic illustration of the in vivo therapeutic schedule using a murine CT26 tumor model, the figure was created in BioRender. Yujie (2024) https://BioRender.com/y24m952. Tumor growth curves (I, group I, III, IV, and VI (n = 6 mice), group II and V (n = 5 mice)), corresponding mobility-free survival rate (J), and individual tumor growth curves (K) of CT26 tumor-bearing mice after different treatments as indicated. Data in C–F, I, and J were presented as the mean ± SEM. The p values in D and I were calculated by two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons; The p values in E and J were calculated by the log-rank test. MWA microwave ablation. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.