Fig. 1: The experimental setup combining rapid evaporative cooling of glycerol-water microdroplets with femtosecond X-ray scattering.

A A schematic overview of the experiment where glycerol-water solution (χg = 3.2% glycerol mole fraction) is supercooled by rapid evaporation in vacuum and probed by femtosecond X-ray pulses at SACLA X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL). The small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS, WAXS) are measured simultaneously by using a large-area detector. B Microscope image of the glycerol-water droplets (18.7 μm in diameter) shown close to the liquid jet nozzle, recorded by stroboscopic illumination.