Fig. 5: Conjunctive representations of LV fields and place fields.

a Examples of two conjunctive place x LV cells with one landmark. In all panels, calcium events highlighted in blue denote place representations, in green denote LV representations, in purple mark other representations, and in half-green, half-blue indicate conjunctive firing fields that split into place and LV representations in the next session. Rat 1 Cell 1 had two firing fields in the standard session. In the rotation session, the green field rotated ~90° around the landmark whereas the blue field rotated ~90° relative to the platform center. Rat 1 Cell 2 had a single place field (blue-green dots) in the standard session, making it ambiguous as to whether it was a place field or an LV field. In the rotation session, the firing field split into two subfields, with one (green) rotating around the landmark and the other (blue) rotating around the platform center. b Example of two conjunctive place x LV cells with two landmarks. Rat 3 Cell 1 had an elongated field near the landmark in quadrant 3 in the standard session (denoted by green and blue dots). In the rotation session, the field split in two, as a small subfield (green) rotated around the landmark and a larger subfield (blue) rotated around the center of the platform. Rat 3 Cell 2 had 2 fields in the standard session. The two subfields broke into 4 subfields in the cue-rotation session, rotating around the landmark (green) and the center of the platform (blue). c Scatter plot of PRD and LRD values for each cell. d Distribution of the difference between LRD and PRD for each cell. e A shuffled distribution of the difference between LRD and PRD for each cell was generated 1000 times by randomly assigning LRD values without replacement. The percentage of conjunctive representations, defined as those with |PRD-LRD| <15° (left), 30° (left, middle), 45° (right, middle), or 60° (right), in each of those 1000 random distributions are plotted. The red dashed line indicates the observed data, which is outside the 95% confidence interval for each criterion (one-sided test, P < 0.05). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.