Fig. 5: Dual inhibitions on glycolysis and OXPHOS in T3M4 cells.

Glucose uptake (a) and lactate secretion (b) of T3M4 cells after different treatments in standard culture medium or PSC-CM at pH 6.5 for 48 h. Data were normalized to T3M4 cells cultured in the standard medium without treatment (n = 3 independent experiments). c Extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) of T3M4 cells treated with different formulations in standard culture medium (pH 6.5) for 48 h (n = 4 independent experiments). d Oxygen Consumption Rate (OCR) of T3M4 cells cultured in the standard medium (pH 6.5) after treatment of indicated formulations for 48 h (n = 6 independent experiments). e ECAR of T3M4 cells treated with different formulations in PSC-CM for 48 h at pH 6.5 (n = 6 independent experiments). f OCR measurements of T3M4 cells cultured in PSC-CM (pH 6.5) for 48 h (n = 6 independent experiments). g ECAR of T3M4 cells treated with T-AsiG-CPL in standard medium or PSC-CM for 48 h at pH 6.5 (n = 12 independent experiments). h Glycolysis and glycolytic capacity of T3M4 cells were calculated from the ECAR curves (n = 12 independent experiments). i OCR measurements of T3M4 cells treated with T-AsiG-CPL cultured in standard medium or PSC-CM (pH 6.5) for 48 h (n = 12 independent experiments). j Basal respiration, maximal respiration, and ATP production of T3M4 cells were calculated from the OCR curves (n = 12 independent experiments). Cells were treated with various formulations (AsiG: 50 nM; TPCA-1: 20 μM). The data are shown as the mean ± SEM. Two-way ANOVA (a, b), (h), and (j) with Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test were used for statistical significance analysis. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.