Fig. 1: Photoredox catalysis in cells.
From: Photocatalytic therapy via photoinduced redox imbalance in biological system

a Schematic of the electron transport chain and metabolism-regulating the NADH/NAD+ balance. Complex I: NADH-Q reductase; Complex II: FADH2-Q reductase; Complex III: Cytochrome reductase; Complex IV: Cytochrome oxidase. Created in BioRender. Zhou, K. (2024) https://BioRender.com/q16n114. b Schematic illustration of photoinduced redox imbalance in anaerobic bacteria through multi-step electron transfer of TBSMSPy+. CS: charge separation.