Fig. 5: Photodynamic antibacterial activities in vitro.
From: Photocatalytic therapy via photoinduced redox imbalance in biological system
a Photograph of a BHI agar plate containing 5% sheep blood and biocidal activity of P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum with TBSMP and TBSMSPy+ treatment under irradiation and without irradiation. b The bacterial survival rate of different treatment groups. Data are presented as mean ± s.d. derived from n = 3 independent biological samples. c, d CLSM images and colocalization analysis of P. gingivalis (c) and F. nucleatum (d) stained with TBSMSPy+ (green), DAPI (red), respectively (n = 3 biologically independent samples, all views show similar results). TBSMSPy+ channel: λex: 500 nm, λem: 600–750 nm; DAPI channel: λex: 405 nm, λem: 425–490 nm. Scale bars, 3 µm, inserted images Scale bars, 1 µm. e Comet assays for direct observation of DNA damages of bacteria subjected to the following different treatments (n = 3 biologically independent samples, all views show similar results). Negative Control: only bacteria; Positive Control: bacteria treated with ATP inhibitor Calcimycin. Scale bars, 250 µm, inserted images Scale bars, 100 µm. Propidium iodide channel: λex: 540 nm, λem: 560–620 nm.
