Fig. 2: Nanobody E10 exhibits cross-group binding breadth and neutralization capacity. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: Nanobody E10 exhibits cross-group binding breadth and neutralization capacity.

From: Influenza A Virus H7 nanobody recognizes a conserved immunodominant epitope on hemagglutinin head and confers heterosubtypic protection

Fig. 2

a–f ELISA binding curves showing the interaction of six nanobodies with HA protein from various influenza strains (H7, H1, and H3) and UV-inactivated influenza viruses (H7N1, H1N1, and H3N2). Each curve represents a different nanobody, color-coded for clarity. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Experiment was performed three times. g Neutralization efficacy of nanobody E10 against different subtypes of influenza A virus (H1N1 and H3N2). Neutralization of SZ19 H7N9 from Fig. 1e is shown for comparison. Data are representative of at least two independent experiments. Shown are the mean values of three technical replicates. h–k Evaluation of E10’s effect on different stages of the viral infection process using SZ19 H7N9 virus (MOI = 10) at various time points. Bars represent the mean HA gene expression levels measured by qPCR ± SD. Data from three technical replicates. Statistical significance was determined using two-sided unpaired t-test: *p = 0.025; **p = 0.0035; ***p = 0.0005; ns not significant.

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